3.2. Type Annotation Sequence¶
Before Python 3.9 you need
from typing import List, Tuple, Set, FrozensetSince Python 3.9: PEP 585 -- Type Hinting Generics In Standard Collections
>>> DATA = [
... (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
... (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
... (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor')]
>>>
>>> x = DATA[0][-1]
>>> x
>>> # IDE don't know what type is species
>>> # and cannot give hints for autocompletion
>>> DATA = [
... (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
... (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
... (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor')]
>>>
>>> x: str = DATA[0][-1]
>>> x
>>> # IDE knows exactly what type is species
>>> # and what methods hint for autocompletion
3.2.1. Tuple¶
Generic type annotation:
>>> data: tuple = ()
>>> data: tuple = tuple()
>>> data: tuple = 'a', 2, 3.3
>>> data: tuple = ('a', 2, 3.3)
Strict type annotation:
>>> data: tuple[int, int, int] = (1, 2, 3)
>>> data: tuple[str, str, str] = ('setosa', 'virginica', 'versicolor')
>>> data: tuple[str, int, float] = ('a', 2, 3.3)
>>> data: tuple[int, ...] = (1, 2, 3)
>>> data: tuple[str, ...] = ('setosa', 'virginica', 'versicolor')
3.2.2. List¶
Generic type annotation:
>>> data: list = list()
>>> data: list = []
>>> data: list = ['a', 1, 2.2]
Strict type annotation:
>>> data: list[int] = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> data: list[float] = [5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9]
>>> data: list[str] = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
3.2.3. Set¶
Generic type annotation:
>>> data: set = set()
>>> data: set = {'a', 1, 2.2}
Strict type annotation:
>>> data: set[int] = {1, 2, 3}
>>> data: set[float] = {0.0, 1.1, 2.2}
>>> data: set[str] = {'a', 'b', 'c'}
3.2.4. Frozenset¶
Generic type annotation:
>>> data: frozenset = set()
>>> data: frozenset = {'a', 1, 2.2}
Strict type annotation:
>>> data: frozenset[int] = {1, 2, 3}
>>> data: frozenset[float] = {0.0, 1.1, 2.2}
>>> data: frozenset[str] = {'a', 'b', 'c'}
3.2.5. List of Tuples¶
Generic type annotation:
>>> data: list[tuple] = [
... (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
... (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
... (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica')]
Strict type annotation:
>>> data: list[tuple[float, float, float, float, str]] = [
... (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
... (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
... (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica')]
3.2.6. List of Lists¶
Generic type annotation:
>>> data: list[list] = [
... [1, 2, 3],
... [4, 5, 6],
... [7, 8, 9]]
Strict type annotation:
>>> data: list[list[int]] = [
... [1, 2, 3],
... [4, 5, 6],
... [7, 8, 9]]
3.2.7. Aliases¶
Generic type annotation:
>>> GeographicCoordinate = tuple[float, float]
>>>
>>> locations: list[GeographicCoordinate] = [
... (25.91375, -60.15503),
... (-11.01983, -166.48477),
... (-11.01983, -166.48477)]
>>> Iris = tuple[float, float, float, float, str]
>>>
>>> data: list[Iris] = [
... (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
... (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
... (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica')]
3.2.8. Unions¶
Generic type annotation:
>>> data: list[list|tuple|set] = [
... [1, 2, 3],
... (4, 5, 6),
... {7, 8, 9}]
>>> data: list[list[int] | tuple[int, ...] | set[int]] = [
... [1, 2, 3],
... (4, 5, 6),
... {7, 8, 9}]
>>> row = list[int] | tuple[int, ...] | set[int]
>>> data: list[row] = [
... [1, 2, 3],
... (4, 5, 6),
... {7, 8, 9}]
3.2.9. NamedTuple¶
>>> from typing import NamedTuple
>>> from sys import getsizeof
>>>
>>>
>>> class Astronaut(NamedTuple):
... firstname: str
... lastname: str
>>>
>>>
>>> mark = Astronaut('Mark', 'Watney')
>>> mark
Astronaut(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney')
>>> a = ('Mark', 'Watney')
>>> b = Astronaut('Mark', 'Watney')
>>>
>>> a == b
True
>>>
>>> getsizeof(a)
56
>>> getsizeof(b)
56
3.2.10. Further Reading¶
More information in Type Annotations
More information in CI/CD Type Checking